The Importance of Using a Condom Essay - 508 Words

The Importance of Using a Condom In a recent study performed at the University of New Orleans by Dr. Bruce M. King, only 20% of men reported using a condom consistently, while only 50% reported using protection with a new partner. The results of condom use or lack there of is clear: ? 2/3 of all STIs occur in people 25 years of age or younger ? By the age of 24, 1 in 3 sexually active people will have contracted an STI ? In 2000, 15- to 19-year-old women had the highest rate of gonorrhea compared to all other age categories. (Sources: American Social Health Association, Centers for Disease Control, and Planned Parenthood.) There are many stigmas about using condoms. Many sexually active college students simply don?t†¦show more content†¦Trojan brand condoms offer; ribbed, heat generating, and various other increased sensations condoms (Trojan.com). The reality of college life also dictates that it may not be reasonably possible to have sex with out condoms. It often takes a very open and committed relationship in order to have sex without the use of condoms, and even in these situations other forms of contraceptives are used, such as female condoms, or birth control. Alcohol and drug use in college often interfere with rational decision-making, therefore the use of condoms should be almost engrained into the brain. The expense of condoms can be completely eliminated by visiting your college health center or any health clinic where condoms are offered at no cost. Many college students may believe that using a condom is awkward or embarrassing, however, there is no question as to the benefits they convey on the person and partner using them. First, condoms are 98 percent effective in preventing pregnancy when used consistently and correctly (www.siecus.org). An unwanted pregnancy can dramatically affect ones goals and ambitions in college, by simply using a condom this can almost always be avoided. Secondly, using a latex condom to prevent transmission of HIV is more than 10,000 times safer than not using a condom. Also, Several studies have demonstrated that condoms can protect against the transmission of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis, and mayShow MoreRelatedTeenagers Communication With Their Partners On Issues Of Sex Essay1368 Words   |  6 Pages CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Teenagers communication with their partners on issues of sex and their use of condoms is greatly influenced by the discussions teenagers have with their parents on issues related to sex. However in this discussion, little is known about the process of parent-teenager communication with regards to the topic under discussion. Understanding what parents discuss with their children and how they discuss it may lead to a greater understanding of teenagers sexual behavioursRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Is A Big Topic On Today s Society861 Words   |  4 Pagesabout sexual actives. 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By making them mindful theRead MoreEssay about Condoms and the Illusion of Safe Sex1475 Words   |  6 PagesIn the same way, people today assume that, as long as they are careful and use a condom, sexual intercourse is safe – so safe that in many places condoms are offered for free to students. It is undeniable that people will pay for it. Condoms should not be handed out in high schools because this action helps create the illusion that condoms make sexual intercourse safe. When students are offered free condoms and told that it will protect them, they are encouraged to engage in sexual activityRead MoreAbstinence-only vs. Abstinence-plus1607 Words   |  7 Pagessubject with their children only increases the importance of doing so in our schools. Opposition of the Abstinence-Plus program centers around the belief that by comprehensively informing students about sex, and responsible practices, in addition to supplying contraceptives, will send a message that not only is it okay to have sex but here have a condom to do it with. In some cases, they actually suggest the importance of telling students that condoms are â€Å"ineffective and do not workâ€Å" (Teenage SexualityRead MoreIntimate Relationships And Sexual Relationships1196 Words   |  5 Pagesmutual respect doesn’t necessarily mean that you agree on everything, but it means that you have admiration for each other, and steady undercurrent of love and trust throughout your relationship. The Catholic Church’s teaching on respect reflects its importance in a relationship as respect is described as the foundation for relationships, through the proper understanding and valuing of the other partner. Abuse, whether it is physical, verbal, or emotional, defi es mutual respect in every way, shape andRead MoreBrazil Case Study- Preventing AIDS1382 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Case Study – AIDS, Condoms, and Carnival MARK 4325-002 November 12, 2014 Group: Seong-eung Lee, Patricia Ortiz Mucino, Monica Romo, Brittni Johnson. 1. Comment on the Brazilian and Indian government’s strategies for the prevention of AIDS via the marketing of condoms. The strategies that the Brazilian government has implemented to prevent and combat AIDS via the marketing of condoms have been beyond successful. Chequer, a Health Ministry official said the Health Ministry would spend $300 million

A Valid Argument For Abolishing The Death Penalty

Lindsey Hogan Professor Reynolds English 321 July 22, 2015 Determinism: A Valid Argument for Abolishing the Death Penalty? In 1940, Lawrence Bittaker, an infamous serial killer from the 1970’s, was born to two unloving parents in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was adopted but eventually left abandoned by his adoptive parents who could not put up with him anymore (Chojnaki, M. Danz, E. p. 1). By the age of 17, Bittaker dropped out of high school, never to obtain his GED. From the ages of 21 to 26, Bittaker was diagnosed â€Å"borderline psychotic† and â€Å"basically paranoid† multiple times by different doctors (Chojnaki, M. Danz, E. p. 1). Bittaker was in and out of jail before murdering five teenage girls in 1979 with a partner, Roy Norris (Chojnaki, M. Danz, E. p. 2). In 1981, Bittaker was sentenced to death. As of today, he is 70 years old and is still on death row at San Quentin Prison in California (Chojnaki, M. Danz, E. p. 3). A professor at the University of Houston Law Center, David Dow, has represented over 1 00 death row inmates over the last 20 years (Dow, David, 2012). In a 2012 TED Talk, David explained that he could predict the past history of the death row inmates he represented over the years. Out of those individuals, 80 percent of the time he would accurately predict their life story. Most of their characteristics were similar to Lawrence Bittaker’s early life mentioned previously (Dow, David, 2012). As of December 2014, 35 states in the U.S. still have theShow MoreRelatedThe Truth About The Death Penalty973 Words   |  4 Pages In her article â€Å"The Truth About The Death Penalty†, Carina Kolodny argues that the death penalty should be abolished in all fifty states due to the fact that it is ineffective and very expensive. Kolodny believes that capital punishment has too many complications and variables that cause it be more of an issue than a real solution for capital offenses. 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Differences in opinion on the use of death as punishment arise from differences in religious, ethical, cultural, and morale perspectives. The role of death as a punishment for an offence has not been solved today, and remains a dilemma for the citizenrys political, legal, social, and religious thought. This is because an answer to the question is the death penalty effectiveRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1539 Words   |  7 Pages otherwise known as the death penalty, has been the center of debate for a long time. Capital punishment may be defined as the â€Å"[e]xecution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense† (Capital Punishment). Up until 1846, when Michigan became the first to abolish the death sentence, all states allowed legal practice of capital punishment by the government (States). Currently, there 32 states still supporting the death penalty and 18 that oppose (States)Read MoreReasons For The Death Penalty1741 Words   |  7 Pages Reasons to Preserve the Death Penalty Imagine you are watching the evening news. How would you feel when you find out that they have found the remains of 10 bodies at the farm two doors down the road? It seems that the neighbors have been killing people for quite some time. Would you have ever known they were murderers? Ten lives have been taken from this world and never to return, what would you want from the government if you found out one of those remains was someone very dear to you thatRead MoreThe Penalty Of Death Mencken Summary878 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Penalty of Death† is an essay written by H. L. Mencken that discusses his positive view on the death penalty. Mencken feels strongly for the death penalty and makes arguments in contradiction of commonalities against the death penalty. Mencken also explains Aristotle’s view of catharsis and how he believes this is a reason people still give the death penalty. Along with this argument, Mencken also makes a statement against how long humans put off capital punishment from the time it is givenRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Abolish The Death Penalty1301 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the death penalty should be abolished, I found myself indecisive on who was making better points during this debate. The pro position, who argued in favor of abolishing the death penalty, and the con position, who argued in favor to keep the death penalty both shared well developed points that left me confused as well as uncertain as to what I myself believe in, considering the power the panelists persuasion had on me. Whether you personally believe in the abolishment of the death penalty or notRead MoreIs The Death Penalty Immoral?1622 Words   |  7 PagesIs the death penalty immoral? In the United States, if a human being commits a capital crime, they can receive the punishment of execution administered by that state in which they performed that crime. When someone commits a capital crime, the jury can issue a guilty verdict that is punishabl e by death through lethal injection or electrocution. The death penalty is viewed as an extremely controversial topic that is debated daily among individuals. Determining fair punishment for committing a crimeRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1491 Words   |  6 Pagestaking place. One prime example is murder. Though people commit murder and acknowledge that the penalty for such act is life in prison, which still doesn’t deter humans from undertaking the act. Death penalty could be a solution to stop humans from committing such gruesome acts. Therefore I strongly believe that the death penalty is acceptable in several cases. Thurgood Marshall states that the death penalty is unconstitutional for two reasons, one that it is excessive. He believes that if the AmericanRead MoreThe Death Penalty As A Form Of Punishment918 Words   |  4 Pagesthey truly guilty? The multitude of society asks the same questions when debating the death penalty process as a form of punishment. The death penalty can be debated on both sides, for or against, and the debate brings controversial since this is a long standing debatable issue. Both sides have researched statistics and produced evidence with certain factors in favor of or against, in result the death penalty stands in most states but the execution process now has strict guidelines. The guidelines

Employability Skills The Conference Board of Canada

Question: Write about theEmployability Skillsfor the Conference Board of Canada. Answer: Job Advertisements were retrieved from The BookSeller website available at https://www.jobs.thebookseller.com/jobs/professional Accessed April 30.2017. ATWOODTATE which had two advertisements is based in London which is also the location for the second company, INSPIRED SOLUTION. (Advertisement provided in appendices) The job title is Change Communications Executive which is a middle- level management position. The job description requires the applicant to be able to communicate effectively both within the organization and to clients with regards to the changing of technology that the organization has embraced. The applicant can show their versatility in suing the new media platforms that are available to communicate using desktop, laptops and mobile platforms such as tablets. They can show their versatility in using social media as their strength. The job title is Senior Sales Manager- Rights Solution which is a middle management position. The job description is to help in the sales department in selling the company products as well as in the processing of licensing agreements. The applicant can show their strong negotiation skills as a strong selling point for the position advertised as the job will require processing licensing agreements. (Zinatullin, 2016). The licensing agreements may not have a standard format and would require negotiating a new license for each client. The job title is Digital Editorial Assistant which is a junior level position within the organization. The job description will involve the applicant to answer external queries of other editorial teams as well assist in overall coordination of passing through the editorial team. An applicant might show their suitability by showing their verbal communication skills which is important when meeting with the editorial team to make decisions that have the input of the editors. Their ability to take down minutes and then communicate it using email to the other relevant departments is a strong point they can capitalize on. The ability to communicate is critical as a skill in the communications industry as it will involve dissemination of information to the public for consumption. The ability to communicate with the new virtual media is important as it is becoming the main form of communication. The second important skill set to possess is the ability to collect and collate information to be processed before being disseminated. (Hurwitz Hurwitz, 2015). Strong analytical skills are important in the process of processing the information. The other set of skills that are necessary in the communication industry are to demonstrate positive behavior and attitude while at work. A positive attitude will create the right atmosphere at work that will invigorate the colleagues working with the individual. Responsibility is another skill that is helpful in that the individual is able to work under minimum supervision and can keep deadlines as the communication industry is strict on deadlines. This calls for responsible use of media as a social tool that can impact the society positively or negatively. The skill to be adaptable is important as it enables the individual to work as part of a greater team and also individually. (Anon, 2017). The adaptability to different work stations and tasks is an important skill to possess. The other skill set that is important to have is the ability to learn continuously as the work environment is not static but keeps changing and evolving. The change in the workplace needs continuous self-improvement through the process of continuous learning. The two last sets of skills are team skills which are to work with others as well as to participate in projects and tasks. The flexibility to work with others as a team member or as a leader in projects is important for the success of the organization that is involved in the communication industry. The individual should be able to plan and design projects from the inception to the conclusion in a team setting. References Anon. (2017). Employability Skills 2000+. The Conference Board of Canada. Retrieved form https://www.conferenceboard.ca/topics/education/learning-tools/employability-skills.aspx Accessed April 30 2017 Anon. (2017).The BookSeller. Retrieved from https://www.jobs.thebookseller.com/jobs/professional Accessed April 30 2017 Hurwitz, M., Hurwitz, S. (2015). Communication Partnering Skills. InLeadership is Half the Story: A Fresh Look at Followership, Leadership, and Collaboration(pp. 163-190). University of Toronto Press. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctt130jwb9.17 Zinatullin, L. (2016).The Psychology of Information Security: Resolving conflicts between security compliance and human behaviour. Ely, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom: IT Governance Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt19jcgrc

Insider Trading The Galleon Group Company â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Insider Trading The Galleon Group Company? Answer: Introduction The development of the securities industry has come under possible great threat of insider trading by the stakeholders involved in the trading exercise as well as the nature of business conducted in the market characterized by high risks of potential loss and potential gains. However, the Securities and Exchange Commission has set forth different rules governing the trading of securities in different security markets. Globally this market has been considered as one of the greatest markets with many players investing in different sectors of the economy and helping in growth and development of the economic status of different nations. Our case study provides a detailed analysis of a case of insider trading within the Galleon Group of companies and the resultant effects to the culprits of the exercise. The company is privately owned and provides services and information about investment such as company stocks, bonds and other financial instruments (Sinkovics et al. 2014, p. 668). The co mpany has been making money for itself as well as for others by picking stocks and managing portfolios and hedge funds for different investors. It affirms to the truth of the statement that information gathering techniques are still coned under or on the Wall Street. Much of these activities of business investment decisions are done by a team of experts who are trusted by the company to make decisions on behalf of the company in stock exchange market (Crane Matten 2016, p. 2). However, in most cases, many individuals have been found engaging in illegal trading for their own personal gain motives and have cost other stakeholders involved in the trading and in the market. Using our case study provided then we shall get to understand different views and concepts in relation to information seeking behaviors which lead to insider trading and the possible solutions to be undertaken by business regulators, investors and executives to reduce the practice, the implications of illegal inside r trading and effectiveness of secret investigations in prevention of sharing of non-public information Analysis of information gathering techniques on Wall Street and possible solutions to reduce the practice It is true to say that information seeking techniques like those of Rajaratnam are common on Wall Street today. Raj Rajaratnam is the head of Galleon had been accused and indicted of 14 counts of securities fraud and conspiracy by being sued by the Securities Exchange Commission for engaging in insider training. Globally, Rajaratnam was a smart person who was known for different achievements in business world despite having degree in engineering, he had received a number of awards and promotions due to his efforts in running business, his experience and skills in financial analysis and especially in the banking industry and a number of years of experience in the industry and was known to be very influential and engaged in dirty businesses to avoid taxation or engaged in illegal business actions as long as the benefits from the deals (Cheng et al. 2014, p. 18). Therefore no one had harbored any illusion that Galleon Raj Rajaratnam was going to beat the tap for insider trading until he was sentenced to 11 years by the court a ruling in which his lawyers and representatives termed to be centered on ensuring that the man spends her entire lifetime at the prison. Information seeking technique in this contest can be understood from the concept of inside trading in which the term is used to imply the buying and selling of a security by someone in a position or has access to material nonpublic information about the security (Nofsinger Varma 2014, p. 187). It may also be defined as a practice whereby company securities are traded by individuals or someone who by any virtue of work have access to the non-public information which can be crucial in making an investment decision. This practice is highly discouraged by the securities and exchange commissions with the aim of protecting fair trade in the market for the benefit of common investors who engage in trading without any information on the securities and are considered to be fair players in such a market. Insider trading can be illegal or legal at the same time (Lopatta et al. 2015, p. 476). Illegal insider trading as an information seeking technique involves tipping others when you have or are in a position of any sort of non-public information. On the other hand legal insider trading in most cases happen when business directors or executives of a company purchase or sell shares or other company securities but disclose the transactions legally. In context of our case study, information seeking techniques on Wall Street would imply the processes that are used to create and organize information in lower Manhattan originally known as the New York home of stock exchange and the historic headquarters of the largest US brokerage and investment banks (Augustin et al. 2015, p. 1). Therefore Wall Street can be assumed to have all the information related to the buying and selling of securities. Rajaratnam and five others had been accused of using the non-public information from company insiders and consultants to make millions in personal profits in which these company insiders gave or sold relevant company information to Rajaratnam through agreed terms for their own benefit. The practice is thus found to be illegal as it gives certain groups of people an unfair advantage in the market and is also said to put the interests of the insider above those to whom he or she owes a fiduciary as well as encourages an insider to artificially influence the value of a company stock (Niessner, 2015, p. 1). The companies involved in securities exchange as well as the government through the regulating body, in this case, the Securities and Exchange Commission should always try to prevent insider trading in order to ensure the integrity of the markets and maintain their reputation. The commission as the regulator can, therefore, conduct constant monitoring of the trading activities of diff erent companies especially through the company events such as acquisition and announcement of company securities which in one way or the other may vary the stock price significantly (Pevzner Xin 2015, p. 203). This can help to establish whether the traders were legitimate or the trade was as a result of insider information being provided to those who instituted the trade just as it was in the case of Rajaratnam and five others who were convicted for insider trading. The regulators, as well as the company directors and executives, can take into consideration the complaints raised by the traders who might have lost substantial sums on large trades and conduct investigations of insider trader as such malpractices may drive away the company current and potential investors (Gao et al. 2014, p. 166). Such complaints help then analyze and identify the players in the market who are trading against the principles and ethics of the industry. They can also seek to obtain tips from company or firms whistleblowers that come forward with knowledge of the people trading such information in the company for an appropriate action to be taken. This information may prove to be very crucial in preventing future likelihood of losses due to insider information effect. The law provides compensation of 10 to 30 percent of any fines and charges of culprits in the courts to be given to whistleblowers (Grinblatt Titman, 2016, p. 1). Lastly, the companies should ensure tha t all the company officers and directors involved in buying and selling of company securities clear all their transactions with the chief legal officer and in case of any illegality the company and the regulators can take appropriate legal measures to sue the culprits. Implications of sharing confidential material information or insider trading The implication of the sharing confidential information cuts across all the parties involved in the business and has been elaborated in our case study. It is therefore important for all the stakeholders in the market to ensure that the market is fair to all players. Companies whose shares are publicly traded are required by law to openly disclose their financial statements at the designated and scheduled dates to the stock exchange (Armour et al. 2017, p. 1435). When this happens the market is said to be trading on fairgrounds and on equal terms to interested parties. Markets should provide an equal trading ground for all the parties and it is important that ethical standards guiding the business operations are held high in the business world. Using our case study analysis it is important to note that, Rajaratnam being an investment analyst at Needham and Co was able to develop a great networking of important trading officers from different companies (Asker et al. 2014, p. 355). This kind of networking enabled him or granted hi power to make precise security market predictions about companys financial situations and therefore he was able to develop his own company the Galleon Raj. Since he was able to obtain information of other companies in the market such as the Goldman Sachs Group, Intel Corp and the Mckinsey and Co he was in a position to engage in fraudulent trading activities by committing fraud and conspiracy. It was possible for him to maintain an ethical state of mind and hired individual analysis to examine the companys financial statements. By doing so this would not have led to any illegality and his company could have as well made profits and execute it in a professional and ethical manner (Anderson, 2014, p. 1). However his conspiracy and fraud actions led to the suffering of his business which was taxed a lot of money, it cost the other people who conspired together and pleaded guilty of charges and had to serve a jail sentence. Insider trading is an unethical business practice and whenever a company insider shares confidential information with an investor gets an unfair advantage and interferes with the integrity of the market. It is therefore unfair to share any confidential material information. This is because insiders have access to information that is not given to the public. Unequal possession of information is an advantage that cannot be competed away because the advantage depends on a lawful privilege to which an outsider cannot acquire access. Confidentiality is a very important business ethics (Ventoruzzo 2015, p. 560). It is therefore important to maintain the confidentiality of the important company information to build the trust of investors and other stakeholders. Sharing of company information leads to lack of trust with the company and finally affects the growth of the business. One of the key issues in security markets that business or companies should take care is the market integrity. The main reason why there are regulators such as the security exchange commission and the government through the central banks of different nations in the industry is to maintain the integrity of the market. Sharing of non-public information leads to distortion of market integrity and results to lack of investors confidence (Henning 2015, p.3). For instance, in our case study, it is evident that after the sentence of Rajaratnam and the effects his conspiracy and fraud activities had to the securities market many investors got scared away as the market could not be trusted anymore for investment. Another implication of sharing non-public information to the public is the fact that it drives away investors or reduces their confidence with the companies. This is because there is always a certain group of investors who benefit from the securities due to their ability to access insider information and always have an advantage in the trading process. This will automatically affect my decisi on on trading in the security market as well as any other interested investor (Davidowitz 2014, p. 281). The knowledge of this information gives you the certainty that the market is unfair and unequal to all people or all players in the market. In a country that pursues justice, it will also not be right to engage in such business as this may have led to severe consequences from the side of the law just as it was to Rajaratnam and his associates in conspiracy and fraud. Impact of the secret investigation on Rajaratnam and his associates to other managers and investors By taking into consideration the case of Rajaratnam and the people he had in his network of committing conspiracy, fraud and insider trading, no one could have thought that the arm of the law would one day catch up with him. It was a shock to the nation and entire world that such crimes despite your business influence can have such implications and effects (Anderson 2015, p. 339). Most business managers and investors in security markets always boast of their confidence in the market affairs because of the insider information they have and the networks they have created with different expert analysts on the same as well as consultants. I believe that this secret investigation just as it was a shock to the global business world had the same impact on other business managers and investors who have been practicing the same conspiracy and fraud. It must have shocked and scared them as well and I believe the punishment the culprits received from the court judgment scared the company inside rs. I believe this acted as a lesson to be learned by these business leaders and managers and therefore my assumption is that they will trade with caution whenever dealing with security markets (Dolgopolov 2014, p. 3). The security exchange commission can as well remove those companies from being listed in the stock exchange markets completely for violating the market trading principles and business principles as well as ethical standards of trading in stock and security markets. Conducting a secret investigation helps in identifying not only the key suspects or culprits in the trading process but also destroying all the networks which may have been created and could as well resulted to business cartels in the industry. It helps in identification of the loopholes in the industry and therefore it will be difficult for managers and other investors to exploit the same loopholes in conducting their conspiracy and fraud activities (Sinkovics et al. 2014, p. 701). The impact that the conspiracy and the insider trading had on Galleon Company, as well as the insider companies, served also as a great lesson to manager and investors and therefore they will always be in fear of collapsing their businesses by acting in an unethical manner whereas there is a possibility of doing the same business in within the required legal framework by employing credible and ethical business analysts who will promote the integrity of the markets as well as protect the image of their bus inesses and build a long-lasting client relationships in their businesses. The investigation, therefore, played a vital role to the redemption of the industry and its likely to bring about future success in the industry by creating a platform where investors can trade on equal grounds and having a fair competition in the sector which will contribute to increased growth. Conclusion Every business ought to be conducted in an in an ethical environment and its the responsibility of business managers to ensure that they are socially responsible for their business activities. The security market which is characterized with the trading of stocks, bonds, and other financial instruments is very important in the development of an economy and therefore the relevant regulatory frameworks should be developed in order to promote and protect the integrity of the markets. Insider trading has been one of the greatest challenges of trading in security markets and has had the industry grow at a slow pace as compared to trading in commodity markets (HajliLin, 2016, p. 115). However with the implementation of the relevant protectionist and regulatory frameworks the market will always remain the biggest market in any economy. It is important that all the stakeholders involved in the market to collectively work together to maintain a healthy competition in the market by trading unde r the established trade guidelines, under the established ethical standards and the regulatory framework established by the security exchange commission. This case study, therefore, plays an important role in helping the business world understand the importance of business ethics and being socially responsible in business activities. References List Agrawal, A. and Cooper, T., Insider trading before accounting scandals. Journal of Corporate Finance, Vol 34, 2016, pp.169-190. Anderson, J. Greed, Envy, and the Criminalization of Insider Trading, Utah L. Rev. 2014, p.1. Anderson, J. Anticipating a Sea Change for Insider Trading Law: From Trading Plan Crisis to Rational Reform. Utah L. Rev, 2015, p.339. Armour, J., Mayer, C. and Polo, A. Regulatory sanctions and reputational damage in financial markets.Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol 52, no. 4, 2017, pp.1429-1448. Asker, J, Farre-Mensa, J. and Ljungqvist, A, Corporate investment and stock market listing: A puzzle?, The Review of Financial Studies, Vol 28, no, 2, 2017, pp.342-390. Augustin, P, Brenner, M. and Subrahmanyam, M., Informed options trading prior to MA announcements: Insider trading?. 2015, Press. Cheng, B., Ioannou, I. and Serafeim, G. Corporate social responsibility and access to finance Strategic Management Journal, Vol 35, no. 1, 2014, pp.1-23. Crane, A. and Matten, D, Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization Oxford University Press, 2016. Davidowitz, S, Abandoning the Mosaic Theory: Why the Mosaic Theory of Securities Analysis Constitutes Illegal Insider Trading and What to Do about It. Wash. UJL Pol'y, Vol 46, 2014, p.281. Dolgopolov, S, High-Frequency Trading, Order Types, and the Evolution of the Securities Market Structure: One Whistleblower's Consequences for Securities Regulation, 2014. Gao, F, Lisic, L. and Zhang, I, Commitment to social good and insider trading.Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol 57, no 2, 2014, pp.149-175. Grinblatt, M. and Titman, S., Financial markets corporate strategy. 2016 Hajli, N. and Lin, X, Exploring the security of information sharing on social networking sites: The role of perceived control of information Journal of Business Ethics, Vol 133, no. 1, 2016, pp.111-123. Henning, J, What's So Bad About Insider Trading Law?. Business Lawyer, Vol 70, no. 3, 2015. Lopatta, K., Buchholz, F. and Kaspereit, T, Asymmetric information and corporate social responsibility Business Society, Vol 55, no. 3, 2016, pp.458-488. Niessner, M., 2015.Strategic disclosure timing and insider trading. Nofsinger, J. and Varma, A. Socially responsible funds and market crises Journal of Banking Finance, 48, 2014, pp.180-193. Pevzner, M, Xie, F. and Xin, X, When firms talk, do investors listen? The role of trust in stock market reactions to corporate earnings announcements. Journal of Financial Economics, Vol 117, no. 1, 2015, pp.190-223. Sinkovics, N, Sinkovics, R. and Yamin, M, The role of social value creation in business model formulation at the bottom of the pyramidimplications for MNEs?. International Business Review, Vol 23, no. 4, 2014, pp.692-707. Ventoruzzo, M. Comparing insider trading in the United States and in the European Union: History and recent developments European Company and Financial Law Review, Vol 11, no. 4, 2015pp.554-593.

Utopia Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Utopia Persuasive Essay Secluded in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, is a place called Sashy, a wonderful, perfect society. It is always peaceful and nothing bad ever happens on the island. The islands air is always fresh and free of any toxins or pollution. Temperature on the South side of Sashy is always warm with no humidity present. On the North side of Sashy the weather is always perfect for winter activities, the temperature is just cold enough for the snow to fall. The North side of the island is full of steep, snow-covered mountains. On the South side of the Sashy clean, sandy beaches cover the land. The ocean water is crystal clear and warm. Sashy is the perfect place to live. On the island, every person is treated as equals. No one person thinks or acts as if they are better than another. We will write a custom essay on Utopia Persuasive specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There is no racism or sexism present, all types of people reside here and get along together. Living on the island is people from all different cultures and backgrounds. Everyone lives in peace with no fighting, violence, crime, or war. The people of Sashy, called Sashians, do not judge each other by their appearance or whom they interacted with. There are many diverse religions in this community. Each one does not criticize the others for their beliefs. Once a month all the different religions get together at the island community building and congregate together to discuss their viewpoints and thoughts on their faith. On this island there is no poverty, disease, or hunger. Everyone has plenty of money, but have to work for it. Not everything comes easy. There is still much competition in the economy. Citizens of the island do not worry about money though. The Sashians are involved in a wide variety of sports and leisure activities all year long. This is possible because of the extreme temperature differences on the North and South sides of the mountain. The North side is always cold so the citizen can ski and snowboard at the Sashian Mountain Resort. The resort would offer a wide variety of different leveled slopes for the skiers on one half of the mountain. On the other half of the mountain there would be a Snowboard Park consisting of a slopes and half pipes strictly for the snowboarders. A snow tubing park would also be available for any whom has interest in snow tubing. There would family tubes and single tubes available for use. All these activities and more on North Sashy will have minimal charges to take advantage of the facilities. On the warm and sunny South side, the beaches are clean and free of charge for all citizens. The beaches have volleyball courts open to anyone. At the piers there are docks where people can rent Jet Skis, Speed Boats, Yachts, and Party Boats for their recreational pleasure. Sidewalks and paths are on hand for Sashians to roller blade, skateboard, ride bikes, and run, jog, or walk. Boating trips are also available that take groups out in the middle of the ocean to scuba dive and snorkel. Throughout the whole island are shopping centers, eateries, and sports complexes of all types accessible to all. Any store imaginable exists. A shoppers heaven! The amount of places to eat would be incredible. Any type of food that a person had a craving for would be accessible. The Sashian Society would always try to make the island enjoyable for each person. Schooling would be one of the most important aspects of life on the island. It is required for all citizens to start their education at elementary school level and continue up to collegiate level. .uf276e19c1abfd2512dd232df8262bde2 , .uf276e19c1abfd2512dd232df8262bde2 .postImageUrl , .uf276e19c1abfd2512dd232df8262bde2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf276e19c1abfd2512dd232df8262bde2 , .uf276e19c1abfd2512dd232df8262bde2:hover , .uf276e19c1abfd2512dd232df8262bde2:visited , .uf276e19c1abfd2512dd232df8262bde2:active { border:0!important; } .uf276e19c1abfd2512dd232df8262bde2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf276e19c1abfd2512dd232df8262bde2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf276e19c1abfd2512dd232df8262bde2:active , .uf276e19c1abfd2512dd232df8262bde2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf276e19c1abfd2512dd232df8262bde2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf276e19c1abfd2512dd232df8262bde2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf276e19c1abfd2512dd232df8262bde2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf276e19c1abfd2512dd232df8262bde2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf276e19c1abfd2512dd232df8262bde2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf276e19c1abfd2512dd232df8262bde2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf276e19c1abfd2512dd232df8262bde2 .uf276e19c1abfd2512dd232df8262bde2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf276e19c1abfd2512dd232df8262bde2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alternatives to Bureaucracy to Motivat Workers Essay It is not required, but if the parents wanted to start sending their children to nursery or preschool the facilities would be open for use free of charge. All schooling on the island is free of charge because education is of great importance to the people of Sashy. The schools administer the best education possible. There is a large variety colleges available for students to choose from. Students will be required to go to school for nine months out of the year. Altogether, students are required to attend seventeen years of schooling. In order to insure that the students are getting an excellent education the teachers would have to take a Teaching Exam every five years. If the teachers fail to complete the requirements and the written section of the test they will not be permitted to teach for one year. Teachers are also required to go back to college annually and take two courses to broaden their knowledge. All measures would be taken that would be necessary to maintain the finest quality of education for Sashians. The citizens of Sashy make up their own laws and rules. Each year selected members the community sit down and revise the laws from the years before if necessary. Each community on Sashy have representatives that go around and take ideas and thoughts on how the island could be changed and run to make it better place to live. Laws never are passed if a large number of people on the island disagreed with them. The governments main concern is the happiness of the lives of the Sashians.Miscellaneous

Programming SQLite in C Tutorial Two

Programming SQLite in C Tutorial Two This tutorial is the second in a series on programming SQLite in C. SQLite stores a collection of tables in a single file database, usually ending in .db. Each table is like a spreadsheet, it consists of a number of columns and each row has values. If it helps, think of each row as being a struct, with the columns in the table corresponding to the  fields in the struct. A table can have as many rows as will fit on a disk. There is an upper limit but its huge 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 to be precise. A table can have up to 2,000 columns or if you recompile the source, you can max it to an awesome 32,767 columns. The SQLite API To use SQLite, we need to make calls to the API. You can find an introduction to this API on the official Introduction to SQLite C/C Interface web page. Its a collection of functions and easy to use. First, we need a handle to the database. This is of type sqlite3 and is returned by a call to sqlite3_open( filename, **ppDB). After that, we execute the SQL. Lets have a slight digression first though and create a usable database and some tables using SQLiteSpy. (See the previous tutorial for links to that and the SQLite Database Browser). Events and Venues The database about.DB will hold three tables to manage events at several venues. These events will be parties, discos, and concerts and will take place at five venues (alpha, beta, charlie, delta, and echo). When you are modeling something like this, it often helps to start with a spreadsheet. For simplicities sake, Ill just store a date not a time. The spreadsheet has three columns: Dates, Venue, Event Type and about ten events like this. Dates run from 21st to 30th of June 2013. Now SQLite has no explicit date type, so its easier and faster to store it as an int and the same way that Excel uses dates (days since Jan 1, 1900) have int values 41446 to 41455. If you put the dates in a spreadsheet then format the date column as a number with 0 decimal places, it looks something like this: Now we could store this data in one table and for such a simple example, it would probably be acceptable. However good database design practice requires some normalization. Unique data items like venue type should be in its own table and the event types (party etc) should also be in one. Finally, as we can have multiple event types at multiple venues, ( a many to many relationship) we need a third table to hold these. The three tables are: venues - holds all five venueseventtypes - holds all three event typesevents - holds the date plus venue id plus event type id. I also added a description field for this event eg Jims Birthday. The first two tables hold the data types so venues have names alpha to echo. Ive added an integer id as well and created an index for that. With the small numbers of venues (5) and event types (3), it could be done without an index, but with larger tables, it will get very slow. So any column that is likely to be searched on, add an index, preferably integer The SQL to create this is: The index on the events table has date, id-event, the event type, and venue. That means we can query the event table for all events on a date, all events at a venue,all parties etc and combinations of those such as all parties at a venue etc. After running the SQL create table queries, the three tables are created. Note Ive put all that sql in the text file create.sql and it includes data for populating some of the three tables. If you put ; on the end of the lines as Ive done in create.sql then you can batch and execute all the commands in one go. Without the ; you have to run each one by itself. In SQLiteSpy, just click F9 to run everything. Ive also included sql to drop all three tables inside multi-line comments using /* .. */ same as in C. Just select the three lines and do ctrl F9 to execute the selected text. These commands insert  the five venues: Again Ive included commented out text to empty tables, with the delete from lines. Theres no undo so be careful with these! Amazingly, with all the data loaded (admittedly not much) the entire database file on disk is only 7KB. Event Data Rather than build up a bunch of ten insert statements, I used Excel to create a .csv file for the event data and then used the SQLite3 command line utility (that comes with SQLite) and the following commands to import it. Note: Any line with a period (.) prefix is a command. Use .help to view all commands. To run SQL just type it in with no period prefix. You have to use double blackslashes \\ in the import path for each folder. Only do the last line after the .import has succeeded. When SQLite3 runs the default separator is a : so it has to be changed to a comma before the import. Back to the Code Now we have a fully populated database, lets write the C code to run this SQL query which returns a list of parties, with description, dates and venues. New to SQL? Read What is SQL? This does a join using the idvenue column between the events and venues table so we get the name of the venue not its int idvenue value. SQLite C API Functions There are many functions but we only need a handful. The order of processing is: Open database with sqlite3_open(), exit if have error opening it.Prepare the SQL with sqlite3_prepare()Loop using slqite3_step() until no more records(In the loop) process each column with sqlite3_column...Finally call sqlite3_close(db) Theres an optional step after calling sqlite3_prepare where any passed in parameters are bound but well save that for a future tutorial. So in the program listed below the pseudo code for the major steps are: The sql returns three values so if sqlite3.step() SQLITE_ROW then the values are copied from the appropriate column types. Ive used int and text. I display the date as a number but feel free to convert it to a date.​ Listing of Example Code

Considiring censorship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Considiring censorship - Essay Example Censorship is a wide topic which controls the spreading of harmful materials and public speeches in the society. Topics such as pornography, violence and aggressive speeches which boosts terrorism and fundamentalism are normally censored by most the governments. Though nobody questions the relevance of censorship, in some cases governments utilize this powerful tool for their own interest. However censorship can move beyond the remit of governments and into the hands of those whole control media channels. It is therefore necessary to consider censorship as something which moves beyond simply the remit of protecting people from harm and offence and into the realm of a tool for control. By claiming to protect people from offence, media channels can in fact use censorship to maintain the status quo and censorship can thus be considered a tool of control, not just of protection.One of the definitions of the Oxford English Dictionary for a censor is ‘an official in some countries wh ose duty it is to inspect all books, journals, dramatic pieces, etc., before publication, to secure that they shall contain nothing immoral, heretical, or offensive’. Censorship is often associated with the establishment and those in a position of power which have the power to take decisions over matters of morality and offensiveness. Censorship in this case takes place in order to avoid undue offence, often to minority groups and prevent the diffusion of views which are considered dangerous and corrupting.

Changes in attitudes towards sex Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Changes in attitudes towards sex - Assignment Example As a result of the growing influence of media on the society, American family system has been affected in a variety of negative ways. The collective effect of changing attitudes toward sex has been of weakening the family as the building block of the society. American society is becoming increasingly approving of the gay rights. For every man who gets married to a man, at least two otherwise heterosexual couples, and the whole families associated with them are destroyed. A positive effect of these changing attitudes toward sex is that sex education today has become more of a need than a choice. More people can be educated on the risks of unhealthy sexual behaviors. A negative effect, however, is that more educated people advocate in favor of abortion associating it with women’s liberty and freedom, thus increasing the rate of abortions in the country (Aulette, 2010, p. 215). Overall, circumstances have become conducive for increase in the premarital sex amongst

Why Some Employers Are Reluctant to Address the Issue on Workplace Term Paper

Why Some Employers Are Reluctant to Address the Issue on Workplace Bullying - Term Paper Example A good complaint resolution scheme should include an option for the employee to talk directly to the bully with or without mediation. On the other hand, if the employee prefers to let the company mediate, he or she should be given the option to request for informal or formal resolution of the issue. An informal process of resolving issues of bullying in the workplace is much faster and less stressful for everyone (Uff, 2006). This approach is usually effective to resolve informal complaints of an employee. Simple incidents of bullying that do not require the company to effect punishments against the employee or employees involved should be resolved through an informal process (Uff, 2006). In most cases, â€Å"an informal resolution process takes the no-blame approach to the issue and both parties are asked to come to an amicable agreement to refrain from committing any acts that constitute bullying towards each other† (Ontario Safety Association For Community and Health Care, 2009).While the informal resolution is quick and does not carry with it certain punishments, a formal resolution process is usually associated with the exhaustive investigation, mediation and giving appropriate punishments against the guilty party (Ontario Safety Association For Community and Health Care, 2009). The formal resolution process usually involve (a) the lodging of a formal complaint, (b) an initial response where the human resource officer or any designated person meets separately with the parties involved in the allege bullying incident, (c) the appointment of an investigator to look into the matter, (d) the appointment of an investigator after the initial meeting with the parties, (e) conduct of the actual investigation, (f) presentation of findings, (g) appeal on the findings and decision of the investigating team, and (h) final resolution (Ontario Safety Association For Community and Health Care, 2009).  

The Popularity Of Hollywood Movies Media Essay

The Popularity Of Hollywood Movies Media Essay It is believed that Hollywood is the greatest national source of entertainment for many people of all ages, races, sexes, and ethnicities. Hollywood movie industry depicts numerous images of a variety of races throughout its films for more than nine and a half billion dollars in 2002 (U.S. Census Abstracts, 2002). Despite the wide variety of shows, movies and images produced by Hollywood, audience of various backgrounds are allowed to generate thoughts, views, and opinions that go a long with their own perceptions. Therefore, many films appear to be non-redundant and convenient though they implicitly include wide variety of repeated plots, characters, and specific characteristics. Regardless of the quality level of movies, they last for long times as they are hard to be imitated or changed. Plato states, in the Republic, those who tell the stories also rule society (Shaheen, 2001, p. 5). The most effective images are those left behind contributing in shaping audiences beliefs, opinions and attitudes toward certain events and nations. Arab and Muslim culture was a main target and content for Hollywood movie industry. Savage (2002) believes that Hollywood films have a major influence on the American public, and millions of people have grown up believing that they know Arab and Muslim culture through what they view on the big screen (Savage, 2002, p. 8). Hollywood movie industry has strongly established its popularity in the United States and worldwide. According to Shaheen (2001), Hollywoods motion pictures reach nearly everyone. Cinematic illusions are created, nurtured, and distributed world-wide, reaching more than 100 countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦No sooner do contemporary features leave the movie theaters than they are available in video storesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Shaheen, 2001, p. 5). Teenagers and children were one of the most affected audiences by the sustained popularity of Hollywood movies. Shaheen (2001) remarks that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦teenagers are avid moviegoers and nowadays purchase four out of ten movie tickets (Shaheen, 2001, p. 5). It is also noted that Hollywood movies and American media are consumed by 150 nations worldwide (Shaheen, 2002). However, the meanings of images conveyed by Hollywood movies to audiences play a crucial role in shaping various stereotypes of peoples. Paul (1998) comments on research findings saying lat erally, Studies indicate that stereotypes are automatically or unconsciously generated in the mind, and that categorizing is an important part of the mental process of evaluating the world (Paul, 1998, p. 52). Hollywood filmmakers employ various stereotypes as an effective tool that establishes protagonists and antagonists; however, frequent appearance of Arabs in antagonistic roles affects audience to believe that such shows are real and true. The stereotypical myths about Arabs reach beyond ordinary audience to become self-perpetuating when more films adopt the same premises. El-Farra (1996) states, it is the myths about Arabs which often inspire directors, producers and screenwriters to develop a product which is then based on stereotypes (El-Farra, 1996, pp. 4-5). Stereotypes Existence and Harm According to Paul (1998), the stereotypes explain why things are the way they are. Other scholars believe that A person develops stereotypes about a groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦from information and disinformation, distortions, and/or opinions made available through family, friends, and the media (Abreu, Ramirez, Kim, Haddy, 2003, p. 693). Generally speaking, stereotypes can negatively affect any race, ethnicity, or a group of people if the negative implications about such groups are synonymous with their members. Abreu et al ( 2003) say that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦when one perceives an individual as a member of a particular stereotyped group, the perceivers mind activates the group-relevant cognitive structure and processesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦judgments and attitudes within the framework of that particular stereotype (Abreu et al., p. 693). Crocker and Major (cited in Pitner, Astor, Benbenishty, Haj-Yahia, Zeira, 2003) report, holding negative beliefs about other groups is functional in that it could bo lster the image and esteem of ones own group. Therefore, Hollywood movie makers can portray some races as favorable for audience whereas others cultures are placed in the negative side of audiences awareness. Several of Hollywoods most blatant patterns of bias fall within the categories of race, ethnicity and/or national origin included in this group are negative and/or stereotypical portrayals of Arabs and Arab-Americansà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Cones, 1998). All races may be shown as negative groups at certain times; however, some races such as Arabs and Arab-Americans are featured negatively all the time. Seen through Hollywoods distorted lenses, Arabs look different and threatening. Projected along racial and religious lines, the stereotypes are deeply ingrained in American cinema. From 1896 until today, filmmakers have collectively indicted all Arabs as Public Enemy #1- brutal, heartless, uncivilized religious fanatics and money-mad cultural others bent on terrorizing civilized Westerners, especially Christians and Jews. (Shaheen, 2001, p. 2) Several terroristic events which took place before September 11 had been exploited by media and Hollywood movie makers to show Arabs as terrorists in spite that Arabs were not involved in those events. For example, Arabs were blame for the bombings of Oklahoma City and World Trade Center even before investigations launched, and all Arabs were blamed for the invasion of Kuwait by only one Arab country (Iraq). These events were used to convey a message to public saying that Arabs cannot be trusted since they support crimes and mass destruction against humanity as a whole. Popular culture of any people is formed in part through their knowledge and experiences which are mostly acquired by mass media. Shaheen (2001) believes that individuals are influenced by a continuous flow of seen one, seen em all headlines (Shaheen, 2001, p. 28). Therefore, Hollywood movie industry depends upon current evets and headlines to influence their desired perception for purposeful goals when producing new movies. According to Goodstein (1998), Each set of villains reflected headlines and anxieties of its eraà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦with Soviet pretensions shattered and aliens from outer space passà ©, the new cinematic enemy is the Muslim extremist. Stereotypes and Myths About Muslims, Arabs and Arab-Americans El-Farra (1996) defines a stereotype as the creation of a biased opinion or view- an individual will take the behavior of one person and state that all people belonging to that particular group, be it an ethnic, religious or social group, behave in the same manner (El-Farra, 1996, p.1). In this sense, Hollywood portrays target groups stereotypes as absolute truths ignoring the fact that there is only some truth born by these stereotypes. However, focusing on and encouraging positive portrays of certain stereotypes make audience view all related members positively. It is believed that in spite of many procedures have been taken to improve stereotypes of certain racial and ethnic stereotypes, Shaheen (2001) thinks that Hollywoods stereotype of Arabs remained the same. Over the last three decades stereotypical portraits have actually increased in number and virulence (Shaheen,2001, p. 28). Portraying Arabs in negative roles all the time even through fictitious stories rather than factual ones whether in movies or TV shows leaves audience more likely to view Arabs as if they really act the roles portrayed in movies and shows and thus public think that all Arabs can only behave accordingly. Therefore, such negative portrayals of Arabs enhance the publics biased judgments, views or attitudes toward Arabs nation and culture. After years of virtual invisibility, Arab-Americans are finally finding prominence in Hollywood movies- as terrorists and villains. They are only the latest in a long line of ethnic groups and nationalities cast in stereotypical bad-guy rolesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Goodstein, 1998). According to Shaheen ( 2001 ), there are four types of myths that pertain to the Arabs and Arab-Americans stereotypes: They are all fabulously wealthy, they are barbarians and uncultured, they are sex maniacs with a penchant for white slavery, and they revel in acts of terrorism (El-Farra,1996, p. 2). Such myths about intentionally imagined Arabs stereotype encourage all participants of Hollywood movie industry including directors, producers, and screenwriters to make their films and TV shows accordingly. In fact, scholars find it hard to explain these representations of Arabs. For example, Shaheen admits such dilemma stating, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I cant say the celluloid Arab has changed. That is the problem. He is what he has always been-the cultural other. In fact Arabs are not the only group that is exposed to negative portrayals of Hollywood. Some critics remark that other minorities stereotypes such as African-Americans and Latinos have been characterized as offensive. Shaheen (2001) stated that History reminds us that the cinemas hateful Arab stereotypes are reminiscent of abuses in earlier times. Not so long ago-and sometimes still-Asians, American Indians, blacks, and Jews were vilified (Shaheen, 2001, p. 4). On the other hand, Cones (1998) believes that there is no such constraint on depicting Arabs as oily and oversexed or shifty-eyed and violent (Cones, 1998). Therefore, it is noted that in spite of the sufferings Arabs and Arab-Americans face as a result of untrue images in the public eyes, Hollywood does nothing to improve or change the current situation of Arabs image in public eyes. This view can be understood and interpreted appropriately if one considers how Hollywood plays a crucial role in directing hatred against Arabs and Arab-Americans. To achieve success in this regard, Hollywood has employed its pre-identified image of Arabs as evils and enemies of humanity in many related media productions (Savage, 2002, p. 7). However, the frequent work of portraying certain stereotypes negatively may not achieve the expected profits for Hollywood movie industry since they would exclude those races and ethnicities members from lists of consumers. Those ethnicities would view such negative images of their cultures as offensive which may reduce their interests in Hollywood productions. Therefore, Hollywood movie makers may think that audience of various backgrounds particularly Arabs would be open-minded enough to view such media campaigns against them as entertainment rather than vicious anti-Arab propaganda. In case that such audiences were not up to Hollywood expectations, Hollywood may have done serious and critical risks in that it would not only threaten its industry but would also contribute to the creation of national and international political struggles that are based on racism and religious discrimination. (Cones, 1998). A group of factors underlie the exposure of Arab stereotype to negative images in Hollywood. These factors include political reasons, profitable box offices, apathy, and the absence of Arab-Americans in the industry. However, Shaheen (2001) ironically says: the fact remains: You can hit an Arab free; theyre free enemies, free villains, where you couldnt do it to a Jew or you cant do it to a black anymore, affirms Sam Keen(Shaheen, 2001, p. 6). The negative image of Arabs in Hollywood productions could also be attributed to what other minorities experienced along the course of forming their cultural awareness and experiences in that Hollywood aims at founding a bad-guy whom exists as battle fuel in movie industry. This is certainly easier for movie makers than attempting to establish other stereotypes in the mentality of the mainstream society. Hollywood audience especially American people have little knowledge about Arabs and Arab-Americans. The main sources of knowledge about Arabs multi-culture are represented for Americans through depictions provided by Hollywood movies and mass media. Convenience of audiences in what is portrayed for them regarding Arabs images may be the most important factor that support the frequent negative productions of Arabs and Arab-Americans. Shaheen believes that convenient stereotypes make it easier for movie producers to create and recreate negative images of Arabs including making good joke of Arabs and inserting a stumbling and bumbling sheikh or an Arab terrorist. Levesque (2002) states, We all know what they look like from watching movies and TV without any thought required. (Levesque, 2002). Reviewing the state of art may reveal that there is a need to create a balance of stereotypes depicted by Hollywood; however, it is believed that such notion is not insistent or pressing since there is no real action to support or at least to reduce the impacts of what is going on in Hollywood movie industry. According to Cones (1998), Hollywood movies involving Arab characters demonstrate that the U.S. film community portrays Arabs in a stereotypical manner and that little or no effort has been made by Hollywood filmmakers to balance portrayals of Arabs with positive portrayalsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Cones, 1998). Historical, Cultural, and Religious background of Muslims, Arabs and Arab-Americans Hollywood industry may have misrepresented most information about Arabs background. It is believed that this industry associate Arabs history with negative attributes such as terrorism and violence which contributes to the process of demonization and dehumanization (Savage, 2002, p. 4). In Fact Hollywood defines the term Arab differently. For example, the word Arab is used to describe any person who is originally from the Middle East countries regardless of their diverse cultures, beliefs and religions El-Farra (1996, p.1). The term limits individuals and countries within a distinct target that is open to stereotypes and bias. However, Shaheen thinks that the term refers to the 265 million people who reside in, and the many more millions around the world who are from the 22 Arab states (Shaheen, 2001, p. 2). Historically speaking, a mixed ethnicity have existed in the Arab world which from 5000 BC to the present. According to Shaheen (2001), The Scots, Greeks, British, French, Romans, English, and others have occupied the area (p. 3). In fact, Arabs have crucially contributed to the development of human civilizations. For example, Shaheen (2001) says that Arabs have developed essential sciences that are considered bases of modern technologies including algebra and the concept of zero, for instance. He adds that many English such as algebra, chemistry and coffee are of Arab roots. Arabs proved to be pioneers in several sciences in the middle age. For example, they created and used astrolabes for navigation, star maps and celestial globes in astronomy. In addition they are the first who used the concept of the center of gravity. Moreover, the water clock is one of their conventions; besides inspired the European Gothic style in architecture. In Agriculture, the Arabs were the first nation to introduced oranges, dates, sugar and cotton and to use water irrigation nets. According to Shaheen (2001), 70 percent of the population is under the age of 30 (p. 3) who are mostly share common language, cultural heritage, and religion (Islam). That does not mean that there is non-Muslims in the Arab world as it has been thought by some. Shaheen states that Though the vast majority of them are Muslims, about 15 million Arab Christians reside there as well (Shaheen, 2001, p. 3). The same can be claimed regarding the Arab-Americans who reside in the United States. Shaheen claims that the majority of the United States Arab-American population is also Christians; about 40 percent are Muslim (Shaheen, 2001, p.3). In spite that mass media keeps attempting to show Islam as a religion of terrorism, Muslims are Americas fastest growing religious group, and they include immigrants from more than 60 nations, as well as African-Americans(Shaheen, 2001, p. 4). Hollywood movie industry and other American media prefer to show all Arabs as Muslims. Shaheen thinks that A majority of the worlds 1.1 billion Muslims are Indonesian, Indian, and Malaysian, but only 12 percent of the worlds Muslims are Arabs. Shaheen indicates that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Moviemakers ignore this realityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Repeatedly, they falsely project all Arabs as Muslims and all Muslims as Arabs. As a result viewers tend to link the same attributes to both peoples (Shaheen, 2001, p. 4). On the other hand, the religion of Islam does not go untarnished. As a result of the representations of stereotypically fanatic Arabs that are bent on destruction, Islam is assumed to be linked with acts of mass destruction and violence. Todays image makers regularly link the Islamic faith with male supremacy, holy war, and acts of terror, depicting Arab Muslims as hostile alien intruders, and as lecherous, oily sheikhs intent on using nuclear weapons (Shaheen, 2001, p. 9). It is noted that portraying Arabs and Arab-Americans by using such negative characteristics has, similarly, led to presenting Islam to most movie viewers. Shaheen (cited in El-Farra, 1996) says, In an attempt to place Islam in a category that Americans can understand, the media portrays images of Muslims as belonging to a faith of 800 million people, consisting of strange, bearded men,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ in robes and turbansà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. According to El-Farra, the distortion of Islam leads audience to think that it is a mysterious religion prone that encourages acts of terrorism, violence, and fanaticism. These themes are maintained by movies industry (El-Farra, ). On the other hand, the majority of Hollywood movie makers and other mass media ignore basic facts about Islam including its message that calls for equality and peace. In order to show respect and appreciation for Muslim religious leaders, arabs call them as. Shaheen defines the word sheikh literally as a wise elderly person, the head of the familyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Shaheen, 2001, p.19). However, it has completely misuded by Hollywood and moviemakers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦in the 1920s he was a swarthy sheikh, wiggling his eyebrows and chasing the Western heroine around a tiled courtyard. After the 1973 oil crisis producers revitalized the image of the fabulously wealthy and slothful sheikhà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Shaheen,2001, p.19). instead of showing sheikhs as wise men or leaders of society, screenwriters often present them as stooges-in-sheets, slovenly, hook-nosed potentates intent on capturing pale-faced blondes for their harems (Shaheen, 2001, p.19). The negative image of the sheikh appeared to shift, by time, to one of excessive violence. Shaheen (2001) says that earlier movies would depict indolent sheikhs lounging on thrones. But, contemporary films pres ent oily, militant, ostentatious sheikhs reclining in Rolls Royces, aspiring to buy up chunks of America ( p. 21). Further, recent images have completely changed portrays of sheikh even from the Arab definition of the term. According to (Shaheen, 2001, p. 21), current movies introduce anti-Christian and anti-Jewish Arabs armed with nuclear weapons, and plenty of oil and cash. In fact these views are always produced in the context of Islam which is showed to justify violence against the West, Israel, and fellow Arabs. Movie makers have not drop arab women from their similar negative considerations. For example, shaheen (2002) notes that Arab women in the Middle East are portrayed mainly as bundles of black cloth, submissive harem maidens or carrying jugs on their heads. He adds that They have no identities whatsoever, and theyre always mute (Shaheen, 2002). Shaheen(2001) believes that image makers can make personal and political statements depending on the customes and steryptypes women are presented in. he adds that By covering the reel Arab woman in black and relegating her to silence, the costumer links her to oppression. But throughout the Arab world, women wear a variety of apparel. (Shaheen, 2001, p. 23). Shaheen (2001) states that Arab woman are usually portrayed with negative roles in Hollywoods movies. For instance, they usually appear with no effective acts wearing black dresses all time. Shaheen (2001) also emphasizes that even they do not have speaking or working roles. Such extreme negative portrays of Arab women in Hollywood images may lead audience to link Islam with negative message of oppression against women rights. The constant negative portrays of women and their ideology of Islam leave strong effect against the social and cultural life of Arabs and Muslims as a whole among audience. Therefore, Hollywood ignores the fact that Arab and Arab-American women can effectively be positive contributors to their society or humanity in general. Economically, Hollywood images keep drawing Arabs as the only owners and suppliers of oil around the world. Thisw results in making audience believe that arabs life is based on only oil fortune without having other economic resource to live on. On the other hand, Hollywood and in large world audience think that OPEC is an Arab organization despite the fact that only seven of the thirteen OPEC members are Arab nations. Moreover, According to El-Farra, 1996), of the five largest oil-producing countries, only one is an Arab nation, Saudi Arabia (p. 2). However, one may not be sure whether people around the world really believe that. For example, an economic editor states that the worlds supplies of oil and price levels are manipulated and controlled by greedy Arabs (El-Farra, p. 2). Such pre-identified ideas may only contribute to continuing negative attitudes toward Arabs and Arab-Americans. Current Events Involving Muslims, Arabs/Arab-Americans Large amounts of present worldwide events may also have contributed to drawing peoples attitudes, perceptions and feelings toward Arabs and Arab-Americans. Such events may have also affected Arabs image in Hollywoods eyes. For example, the Arab-Israeli conflict is considered one of the most important factors that is used to feed audiences attitudes toward Arabs. This conflict which extended along more than half a century period and still going on may have provided the American media with a rich source to portray Arabs as extremely aggressive while Israelis who are generally supported by west are innocent victims. Kressel (cited in El-Farra, 1996) believes that the American media which be considered the strongest around the world practiced unequal roles in covering the Arab Israeli conflict attempting to put Arab states as powerful ones depending on violence and aggressions in their conflict with Israel who, in turn, is portrayed as a small country found in the midst of aggressive large states. Arabs in this image are shown as those who attack Israel which tries its best to preserve democracy, freedom and its people lives. In this sense, Mark Twain (cited in Shaheen, 2001) says, We are all ignorant, just about different things. However, when it comes to the Middle East, many Americans are ignorant about the history and plight of the Palestinian people (Shaheen, 2001, p. 26). Shaheen thinks the repeated negative images about Palestinians which portrayed by Hollywood movie makers and mass media left a myth among audience that all Palestinians are the enemy of humanity, violent and extremely terrorists. Apart from Israeli-Palestinian movies supported by Hollywood, one notes that human dramas show Palestinians as a normal people who is characterized with universal humanistic attributes like all peoples. These incomparable art works with Hollywoods portray Palestinians as innocent victims whereas Israelis as non-merciful occupiers. One cannot find a Hollywood movie that present reality about Israeli soldiers and settlers who frequently attack Palestinians farms to uproot their olive orchards or threaten Palestinians lives as it appears in some media news. Shaheen (2001) states that there American movies does not show the everyday actual struggle of Palestinian families under the highly pressing occupation, Palestinian refugee camps which are considered the largest in the world, or how Palestinians are exposed to most difficult circumstances in their pursuant to get back to their own home land (Shaheen, 2001, p. 26). Research has indicated that showing Arabs as terrorists repeatedly directs American audiences attitudes to take them as enemies. According to Martin (cited in El-Farra, 1996), the word terrorism was used by the press in describing events and individuals they disapproved of. Yet, when describing these same acts by individuals who are not Arabs, the media was careful to appear neutral and unbiased. On the other hand, Shaheen states that news reports selectively and relentlessly focus on a minority of Arabs, the radical fringe. The seemingly indelible Arab-as-villain image wrongly conveys the message that the vast majority of the 265 million peace-loving Arabs are bad guys (Shaheen, 2001, p. 28). In the 1990s Arabs and Arab-Americans images got worse in American audiences eyes. For example, the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, which led to the second Gulf War, and the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center lead some Americans to believe that all Arabs are terrorists and that Arabs do not value human life (Shaheen, 2001, p. 29). This, in turn, strengthens the ideology that Arabs are aggressive and real enemies of America. Moreover, public opinion seems to be influenced directly by the way these events were covered in mass media. Therefore, both the intentional negative use of media against Arabs and the dominant prior stereotypical judgments were the main reasons of the continual Arab-bashing according to Shaheen (2001). Further, some movie makers found that such portrays of arabs provide them with rich opportunities to justify their productions. Shaheen remarks that the news programs which are used by some producers and directors deny that they are actually engaged in stereotyping. Shaheen reports their objection literally when they say, Were not stereotyping, just look at your television set, those are real Arabs (Shaheen, 2002, p. 29). It is noted that the disappointing use of media has been occurred through a prejudicial way presented during the issue of Okalahoma City Bombing. According to El-Farra (1996), In 1995, within minutes of the event, news reporters were insinuating that the bombing was an act of terrorists. Raised with unpopular stereotypes of Arabs, the American public was quick to develop images of Arab terrorists destroying American property (El-Farra, 1996, p.1).Government officials were also quick to point an accusatory finger at Middle Eastern terrorists. An Arab-American spokesman believes that the American people were so quick to blame Arabs for Oklahomas events as a result of Hollywood movies negative influence upon them. Cones (1998) states that most Americans, including politicians and media leaders, have been affected by Hollywood propaganda. According to El-Farra (1996), even experts of terrorism (e.g. Steven Emerson) do not believe Islamic groups when they denied involvement ( p. 1). Consequently, it was hard for the American public to attribute terrorism to Americans themselves that is why El-Farra (1996) states that terrorism appear in movies mostly points out unconsciously to Arab culture and people. El-Farra (cited in Bazzi, 1995) points to the 1995 report of American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee which indicates that 250% increase in hate crimes against Arabs were from the previous year (pp. 1-2). According to (Cajee, 1995), The Oklahoma Hate and Harassment Report states that along the period taken to arrest the suspect Timothy McVeigh all people of middle eastern appearance have become suspects in bombing Alfred Murrah Federal Building. Therefore, Muslims and Arabs, in particular, were the most to suffer from the bombings effects. it was also found that manifistations of arabs and American arabs of suffers i ncluded widespread fear and intimidation, commonplace verbal harassment at school, in public and in the workplace, and a significant number of physical assaults and hate crimes (Cajee, 1995). Cajee (1995) found out that reports of most serious events of hate crimes include: Reports that associated Muslims to terror bombings of Oklahoma led some angry Americans to attack an Iraqi young refugees home in Oklahoma City on April 20th and cause loss of her baby. The windows of a mosque and community center in Stillwater, Oklahoma were caused by drive-by shootings on April 19th and 20th. Using knives to attack Arabs in an apartment parking lot or beating a student in a supermarket parking lot were only some examples of physical assaults reported by students. It was reported by Local Islamic centers and some Arab or Arab-Americans that they were frequently exposed to an onslaught of hate calls. Therefore, Arabs, Arab-Americans, and similar ethnicities were the core subject of unjust and violence in a very short period of time as a result of medias aggressive influence against them. Shaheen (2001) states that Though no American of Arab descent was involved, they were instantly targeted as suspects. He adds that Speculative reporting, combined with decades of harmful stereotyping, resulted in more than 300 hate crimes against them (Shaheen, 2001, p.7). Negative stereotypes may impact the perceptions of the public particularly when they are related to their attitudes toward certain races. Moreover, such stereotypes may also affect the way some races feel about their heritage, culture, religion, and self-esteem. Repeatedly over time, movie makers in Hollywood use some images of stock caricatures to focus on. For instance, American Arabs or Muslims are frequently shown as members of isolated communities until audience believe that Muslims are entirely different from other Americans (Shaheen, 2002). Therefore, movies which include true depiction of Arabs and Islamic culture seems to be nonsexist in Hollywood most of the time. In fact, there is a big need for founding new positive images of Arabs and Muslims in American movies and mass media. However, most Arabs and American Arabs believe that they are a subject of embarrassment whenever they have to replace audiences negative attitudes towards them by more objective ones. This sociological and psychological dilemma is strongly exist among Arabs and Muslims themselves who live in America. The most affected category in this regard in the children. In order to avoid embarrassments resulted from the wide influence of media and Hollywood movies upon Arabs, one can easily note how Arabs avoid introducing themselves as Arabs or Muslims. For example, it is noted that they deny their original identities saying literally, Im not Arab, Im Spanish, or Im Italian. Therefore, the widespread of negative attitudes toward Arabs results in killing Arabic heritage and leaving feelings of shame among Arabs (Shaheen, 2002). According to Monteith (cited in Paul, 1998), by five years of age, many children have definite stereotypes about blacks, women, and other social groups. He adds, Children do not have a choice about accepting or rejecting these conceptions, since theyre acquired well before they have their own cognitive abilities or experiences to form their own beliefsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ they must compete with all the forces that would promote and perpetuate these stereotypes: peer pressure, mass media (p. 58). In the same sense, at a time Arab youth learn negative stereotypes of Hollywood movies, arab children would find it hard to go long with this image as long as they have their own Arabic heritage. According to Shaheen (2001), the persistent images of Arabs in media and movies contributes, to great degree, in shaping their perceptions towards themselves and

The Relationship Shared Amongst Students and Teachers Essay -- Educati

Relationship Shared amongst Teachers and Students Nowadays, there is much controversy plaguing our society as to how the perfect relationship between teachers and their students should be. One pupil might be favored more than another in the classroom by the teacher, making this extra attention unfair to the other students. Almost always, there is a question pending as to what should the situation be inside a classroom. Nobody has yet come up with a solution to solve the problems facing our societys school system and the relationship the students hold with their teachers. An equal balance of fairness, dedication, and hard work should come from both teachers and students. Once we achieve this goal, our classrooms will have teachers giving a hundred percent and their will and effort to teach while the students give their hundred percent of effort to learn and participate at the same time. The teachers responsibilities are much greater than that of the students. In the Mission Statements, I found an interesting quote from the Evergreen State College which says, The main purpose of a college is to teach, and good teaching involves close interaction between faculty and students (54). I strongly agree with what this college mission is saying because this statement personifies teachers responsibilities since the better teachers teach, the closer those teachers will reach out to their students filling the students anxious brains with more knowledge. Fulfilling this task will both make a successful student and well as a successful teacher. To ensure the best education for a student, teachers must put forth all efforts and knowledge to enlighten their students. Often times, you can find students just not willing to pay attention to... ... waste and vice-versa. Teachers may feel more pressured due to concerned parents or others who want their children to have the best education as possible. This can be avoided if the teacher educates very thoroughly and properly to get across to the majority of the students if not all of them. This relationship is not like a see-saw, there cannot be more effort put from one than the other. The relationship must be equal from both the teacher and the students side to achieve success on both ends. Works Cited Hart, Jeffrey. How to Get a College Education. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2000: 126-132 Lunsford, Andrea A. and John J. Ruszkiewicz. The Presence of Others. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2000. Rose, Mike. Lives on the Boundary. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2000: 105-119. Thomas, David. The Mind of Man. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2000: 120- 125.

Couch Potato

The couch Potato† Lifestyle â€Å"Couch potato†, a slang term to describe a person who spends most of the time sitting or lying on a couch. However, sedentary lifestyle is another term which commonly used as a medical term to describe a lifestyle with irregular psychical activities or exercise. People intend to spend more time sitting, surfing the Internet, working on a computer, watching television, and other activities that do not require much psychical movement or activities. Hence, this lifestyle Is more likely to bring harm to the society rather than benefits.This lifestyle Is most likely discovered In plopped and developing countries. People of all ages Like adult, teenagers, and children whom they live a sedentary lifestyle could be negatively Impacting each Individual lives. As an effect of sedentary lifestyle, children and teenagers are more likely to exhibit poor motor coordination. They often spent most of their time for their electronic gadgets. As we can see , It Is so common that children and teenagers carrying at least one electronic gadget regardless of what they are doing and where they are going, either they are in the washroom, during a meal, and even before their timed.Hence, a lack of physical activity leads to poor motor coordination: almost all of their time was allocated for their sedentary behavior. Childhood is a critical time for the development of motor coordination skills that will enhance a healthier psychically and mentally development. Therefore, it is important to educate them in setting up a proper daily routine, likewise, encourage children and teenagers to increase their amount of physical activities. On the other hand, sedentary lifestyle also has a variety of negative impacts on adults, especially working adults.Living a denary lifestyle is not necessarily means living a lazy or inactive life; somehow it can be very busy with work and family which caused them without inherent opportunities for physical activitie s. They often find difficulties in allocation of time for some exercise, thus, they feel energetic, body and mind become inactive, and as a result they fall into depression. Worst come to worst, once depression settles, they will be too depressed to carry out physical activities. Slowly, it leads to other diseases and illnesses. Sedentary lifestyle contributes to high risk sickness to people f all ages.Anxiety, obesity, depression, high blood pressure, diabetes, heart diseases, colon cancer, and kidney stones are all the major diseases and illnesses which risk the health of all people. Besides, premature death is increasing every year. Do not be surprise that the study has shown that Just by sitting still could cause premature death. The more we sit, the higher the risk of premature death. In conclusion, adapting to a sedentary lifestyle can be as harmful as Heroin. Although It Is now with the increasing number of people living In a sedentary lifestyle which goes not seem to be much hope moving away from It, but we are what we choose to be.Is Just a question of how â€Å"hunger† are we of resettling from sedentary lifestyle. Couch Potato By Lo-Nathan The â€Å"Couch Potato† Lifestyle â€Å"Couch potato', a slang term to describe a person who spends most of the time activities or exercise. People intend to spend more time sitting, surfing the internet, much psychical movement or activities. Hence, this lifestyle is more likely to bring harm to the society rather than benefits. This lifestyle is most likely discovered in developed and developing countries.People of all ages like adult, teenagers, and children whom they live a sedentary lifestyle could be negatively impacting each individual lives. As an effect of sedentary lifestyle, children and teenagers are more electronic gadgets. As we can see, it is so common that children and teenagers bedtime. Hence, a lack of physical activity leads to poor motor coordination; almost all conclusion, adapt ing to a sedentary lifestyle can be as harmful as Heroin. Although it is now with the increasing number of people living in a sedentary lifestyle which does not seem to be much hope moving away from it, but we are what we choose to

Draft reinstatment essays

Draft reinstatment essays The reinstitution of the military draft is a bad idea. There is pending legislation in the house and senate, (twin bills S.89 bills call to provide for the common defense by requiring that all young persons in the United States, including women, perform a period of military service or a period of civilian service in furtherance of the national defense and homeland security, and for other purposes. These bills were introduced on January 7th 2003 and the summary of said bills are as follows: declares that it is the obligation of every U.S. citizen, and every other person residing in the United States, between ages of 18 and 26 to perform a two-year period of national service, unless exempted, either as a member of an active or reserve component of the armed forces or in a civilian capacity that promotes national defense. Requires induction into national service by the President. Sets forth provisions governing: (1) induction deferments, postponements, and exemptions, including exemption of a conscientious objector from military service that includes combatant training; and (2) discharge following national service. Amends the Military Selective Service Act to authorize the military registration of females. The military draft is a violation of human rights, a confiscation of la bor services, violation of the right to life, an initiation of force by the state against the individual and a betrayal of the purpose of government. Many people including Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and Secretary of State Colin Powell think that reinstating the draft is not only a bad idea it is also unnecessary. Even more people will tell you that an all volunteer military will perform better in conflicts. Wars are often unnecessary, dangerous and cause senseless suffering with little being gained. Above all the draft is a bad idea because the government cannot make pe...

Creating a Genealogy Blog

Creating a Genealogy Blog Using a Blog to Write About Family History A blog, short for Web log, is basically a very easy-to-use Web site. No need to worry too much about creativity or code. Instead a blog is basically an online journal you just open it up and start to write which makes it a great medium for documenting your family history search and sharing it with the world. A Typical Blog Blogs share a common format, which makes it easy for readers to quickly skim for interesting or pertinent information. It its basic form, a typical blog contains: short, informational entries - generally arranged in reverse chronological ordera time and/or date for each postlinks to other blogs or Web sites for additional contentarchives of all previously posted content, sometimes arranged into categories Blogs dont have to be all text either. Most blog software makes it easy to add photos, charts, etc. to illustrate your posts. 1. Determine Your Purpose What do you want to communicate with your blog? A genealogy or family history blog can be used for many reasons to tell family stories, to document your research steps, to share your findings, to collaborate with family members or to display photos. Some genealogists have even created a blog to share daily entries from an ancestors diary, or to post family recipes. 2. Select a Blogging Platform The best way to understand the ease of blogging is to just jump right in. If you dont want to invest a lot of money in this at first, there are quite a few free blogging services on the Web, including Blogger, LiveJournal and WordPress. There are even blog hosting options geared specifically for genealogists, such as on the social networking site GenealogyWise. Alternatively, you can sign up for a hosted blogging service, such as TypePad, or pay for a standard hosted Web site and upload your own blogging software. 3. Select the Format Theme for Your Blog The best things about blogs is that they are very simple to use, but you will have to make some decisions about how you want your blog to look. color scheme and style - most blog software offers a set of pre-designed templates, so this is simply a matter of choosing the one you likecategories - Many blogs use categories to define the general theme of each post, making it easy to find all posts on a particular topic. Basically categories are an organizational scheme. You may choose to categorize by surname or by locality. Or you can categorize by topic - census, cemetery, deaths, etc. Or you can choose not to categorize your blog posts at all.your content team - if you want your blog to be a collaborative effort, then youll need to select which people you plan to give access to post to your blogcomments - If you want others to be able to post responses to your information, then you can open up comments on your blog. This makes it easy for other researchers to get in touch with you or add new information, but can sometimes attract a few crazies as well. You can always close comments if they dont work well for you. If you arent sure about some of this, dont worry. These are all decisions that can be changed and tweaked as you go. 4. Write Your First Blog Post Now that we have the preliminaries out of the way, it is time to create your first post. If you dont do a lot of writing, this will probably be the most difficult part of blogging. Break yourself into blogging gently by keeping your first posts short and sweet. Browse other family history blogs for inspiration. But try to write at least one new post every few days. 5. Publicize Your Blog Once you have a few posts on your blog, youll need an audience. Begin with an email to friends and family to let them know about your blog. If youre using a blogging service, then make sure that you turn on the ping option. This alerts the major blog directories every time you make a new post. You can also do this through sites such as Ping-O-matic. Youll also definitely want to join GeneaBloggers, where youll find yourself in good company among over 2,000 other genealogy bloggers. Consider participating in a few blog carnivals as well, such as the Carnival of Genealogy. 6. Keep it Fresh Starting a blog is the hard part, but your jobs not done yet. A blog is something you have to keep up with. You dont have to write every day, but you do need to add to it on a regular basis or people wont come back to read it. Vary what you write about to keep yourself interested. One day you can post some photos from a cemetery visit, and the next you can talk about a great new database you found online. The interactive, ongoing nature of a blog is one of the reasons it is such a good medium for genealogists - it keeps you thinking about, searching for and sharing your family history! Kimberly Powell, About.coms Genealogy Guide since 2000, is a professional genealogist and the author of Everything Family Tree, 2nd Edition (2006) and The Everything Guide to Online Genealogy (2008). Click here for more information on Kimberly Powell.